Child maltreatment is substantiated at higher rates in low-income communities of color. Disproportionality is most pronounced for Black children, who are twice as likely as their non-Latino White counterparts to enter foster care. Most research in this area has focused on individual-level factors that place children at risk without considering the role of structural factors, including systemic racism. Using a broader contextual lens, child maltreatment is conceptualized systemically as the product of factors occurring at the individual, family, and community levels. Systemic racism is associated with poverty, higher crime rates, and barriers to health care access, which increase the likelihood of negative outcomes and create the conditions in which maltreatment occurs. The proposed research will address the contextual and systemic factors involved in racial disproportionality in child welfare. A multilevel model will include individual-level variables (i.e., race) family-level variables (i.e., caregiver substance use, caregiver mental health, family SES) and community-level variables (i.e., mental health resources, incarceration rates, community SES). Two publicly available datasets from the Florida Department of Children and Families and Florida Department of Health will be used; the aggregated dataset includes 2,724,069 individuals in 67 of counties for the years 2014-2021. A hierarchical logistic regression will determine the odds of Black child maltreatment for structural variables at different levels and will identify differential effects across levels. Specific data on the structural risk factors that affect marginalized Black families in South Florida will add value to local efforts to reduce disparities in child maltreatment and child welfare.