Below is an example of calculating reliability of one subscale among five subscales that measure personality. You should conduct the same steps for each subscale to measure their reliability and comment on them. In SPSS Choose “Analyze” then choose “Scale” then choose “Reliability Analysis”. In the Reliability Analysis window, move all items that intend to …
We can assess reliability by four ways: Test-retest reliability measures test consistency by giving the same test twice to the same people to see if the scores are the same. Some conditions need to be fulfilled in the repetition of measurement, such as same location; repetition over a short period of time; same administration procedures. …
Reliability in qualitative research refers to the stability of responses to multiple coders of data sets. It can be enhanced by detailed field notes by using recording devices and by transcribing the digital files. However, validity in qualitative research might have different terms than in quantitative research. Lincoln and Guba (1985) used “trustworthiness” of …
According to the philosopher John Stuart Mill: The cause (independent variable) must precede the effect (dependent variable) in time. The two variables are empirically correlated with one another. The observed empirical correlation between the two variables cannot be due to the influence of a third variable that causes the two under consideration. Correlation does not …
The most commonly used measure of association is Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient (Pearson correlation coefficient). The Pearson correlation coefficient or as it denoted by r is a measure of any linear trend between two variables. The value of r ranges between −1 and 1. When r = zero, it means that there is no linear association between the …
Reliability refers to the accuracy or precision of a measurement process, or in another word, consistency over replications of the testing procedure (Crocker & Algina, 1986) What makes test scores unreliable? Systematic errors are the errors that consistently affect an individual’s score because of some particular characteristic of a person, or the test does not …
MAXQDA This software helps with evaluating and interpreting qualitative texts, developing theories and testing theoretical conclusions. Also, the program can sort images and video. Data can be exported to SPSS and Excel, and the software can import data from Excel and SPSS programs. Several coders can collaborate easily on a particular project. The mobile companion, …
classical test theory (CTT) item response theory (IRT)? Test Length and Reliability Longer tests are more reliable than shorter tests. Shorter tests can be more reliable than longer tests. Metric people are measured on the number correct scale; items are measured on the proportion-correct scale. Score meaning is determined primarily as a location in …
